1 [There is a table in the kitchen. (true)]
2 [There aren't four chairs in the kitchen. (false)]
3 [There aren't three toilets in the house. (false)]
4 [There isn't one bed in the bedroom. (false)]
5 [There is a cooker in the kitchen. (true)]
6 [There are two sofas in the living room. (true)]
[1 A — 2 D — 3 C (some/two blue sofas) — 4 A]
1 [Are there any flowers in the garden? Yes, there are.]
2 [Is there a cupboard in the living room? Yes, there is (it is under the sink).]
3 [Is there a cat on a sofa? No, there isn't.]
4 [Are there two desks in the bedroom? Yes, there are.]
5 [Is there a black fridge in the kitchen? No, there isn't.]
c)
d)
a) These = [Estos, estas]
b) That = [Ese, esa, eso, aquel, aquella, aquello]
c) The plural of "that" is ["those".]
d) The singular of "these" is ["this".]
e) We use “there is” [in the singular ("There is an apple."), ]
and we use “there are” [in the plural ("There are some apples."). ]
They both mean ["hay". ]
f) Their negative forms are [there is not / there are not (written English) and
there isn't / there aren't (spoken English)]
g) We use “a” [in front of a consonant (a banana), ]
and we use “an” [in front of a vowel (an orange). ]
This is only the general rule. There is an exception: we must use "a" in front of "u"
when it is pronouced as /ju:/, in words derived from the Latin "unus", meaning "one",
like "universal", "university", etc.)
h) We use “a” / “an” [in front of a countable noun in singular, ]
and we use “some” [in front of a plural noun or an uncountable noun. ]
i) We use “some” [in affirmative sentences and offers, ]
and we use “any” [in interrogative sentences (except offers)
and in negative sentences (general rule only). ]
Basic rule:
[Affirmative sentences: There is some water in the fridge. There are some chips on the table. I have some questions.]
[Offers: Would you like some biscuits?]
[Interrogative sentences: Is there any wine left in that bottle? Have you got any questions?]
[Negative sentences: I don't have any questions. ]
Advanced rule:
[ Both "some" and "any" can be used in affirmative, negative and interrogative sentences.]
["Any" can be translated as "algo de" / "algunos" / "algunas" in interrogatives, "nada de" / "ningún" / "ninguna" in negatives, "cualquier" / "cualquiera" in affirmatives:
If you have any questions, now is the time to ask them.
Any student can answer these questions, they are very easy.]
["Some" is always translated as "algo de" / "algunos", even in negative sentences. Compare these sentences:
I don't understand any words. = No entiendo ninguna palabra.
I don't understand some words. = No entiendo algunas palabras.]
]